EPIGLOTTIS
A. Potentially life-threatening infection of epiglottis and surrounding structures caused by H. influenzae type B; affecting children from 1 to 8 years of age; it onsets rapidly and quickly progresses to respiratory arrest.
B. Assessment findings
1. Severe sore throat
2. Drooling
3. Dysphagia
4. Muffled voice
5. Child sits upright with mouth open and tongue protruding (“sniffing position”).
6. Fever
7. Tachycardia
8. Labored respirations
9. Elevated white blood cells (WBCs)
10. Lateral neck x-ray shows “knife” sign, indicating a swollen epiglottis.
C. Nursing Diagnoses Related to Epiglottis
• Ineffective airway clearance
• Risk for deficient fluid volume
• Anxiety
• Deficient knowledge
D. Interventions
1. Airway; mist tent with oxygen
2. Tracheostomy or endotracheal tube if needed; anticipate need for artificial airway
3. IV antibiotics
4. Sedation if child too anxious
5. Avoid direct examination of epiglottis because it may precipitate spasm and obstruction
6. Assess airway frequently
7. Keep child calm
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